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Unverified Commit 2df22fd0 authored by Laurent Modolo's avatar Laurent Modolo
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# Understanding a computer
[![cc_by_sa](./img/cc_by_sa.png)](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)
Objective: understand the relations between the different components of a computer
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# Which parts are necessary to define a computer ?
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# Computer model: an universal Turing machine
![width:20% height:20%](./img/lego_turing_machine.jpg)
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# Computer components
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# As simple as a Turing machine ?
![universal_truing_machine](./img/universal_truing_machine.png)
- A tape divided into cells, one next to the other. Each cell contains a symbol from some finite alphabet.
- A head that can read and write symbols on the tape and move the tape left and right one (and only one) cell at a time.
- A state register that stores the state of the Turing machine, one of finitely many. Among these is the special start state with which the state register is initialized.
- A finite table of instructions that, given the state the machine is currently in and the symbol it is reading on the tape, tells the machine what to do.
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# Basic Input Output System (BIOS)
> Used to perform hardware initialization during the booting process (power-on startup), and to provide runtime services for operating systems and programs.
- comes pre-installed on a personal computer's system board
- the first software to run when powered on
- in modern PCs initializes and tests the system hardware components, and loads a boot loader from a mass memory device
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# Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI)
Advantages:
- Ability to use large disks partitions (over 2 TB) with a GUID Partition Table (GPT)
- CPU-independent architecture
- CPU-independent drivers
- Flexible pre-OS environment, including network capability
- Modular design
- Backward and forward compatibility
Disadvantages:
- More complex
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# Operating System (OS)
> A system software that manages computer hardware, software resources, and provides common services for computer programs.
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# UNIX
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# UNIX-like OS
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img/FugakuSupercomputerSC19.jpg

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img/Z3_Deutsches_Museum.jpg

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img/lego_turing_machine.jpg

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img/universal_truing_machine.png

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